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The intraocular surface is an anatomical and functional ocular structure that is composed of different ocular structures: conjunctiva, cornea and tear film.
Some of the diseases in this specialty are:
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Uveitis is an inflammation of the uvea, the membrane that surrounds the inside of the eyeball.
The uvea is very sensitive to infectious and inflammatory processes, as it is the tissue with the most blood vessels in the body.
Uveitis is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Infection of the uvea causes severe vision loss due to its constant contact with delicate ocular structures, such as the retina.
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There are several types of factors that cause uveitis:
Infectious diseases such as toxoplasmosis (a disorder caused by a parasite that causes calcifications in the body and encysts in the retina) can lead to the most common cause of uveitis: infectious chorioretinitis. This process results in the gradual destruction of the retina, which, if it affects the macula (central part of the retina), can cause significant, irreversible vision loss.
Bone or rheumatic diseases of inflammatory and non-degenerative origin, which mainly affect young people
Autoimmune diseases caused by viruses, germs, or environmental factors, such as sarcoidosis or Behçet's disease, a disease of unknown origin that causes sores and skin changes.
Trauma or a specific genetic code associated with the disease
Uveitis is less common in the first ten years of life and decreases in frequency after age 60. Most people are between 20 and 50 years old.
The symptoms of uveitis vary depending on the area of the uvea that is affected.
If it is the anterior part, we can notice increased sensitivity to light (photophobia), redness of the eyes, blurred vision or eye pain.
If the affected area is the back, we probably won't notice any pain, although we might experience vision loss.
Uveitis cannot be diagnosed until external signs appear. At the first sign, it's important to see an ophthalmologist immediately.
Uveitis is often related to rheumatic diseases of inflammatory origin that mainly affect young people.
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Uveitis is one of the eye diseases most commonly related to other diseases of the human body.
The collaboration of an internist, infectious disease specialist, or rheumatologist is usually necessary to complement the study and treatment of the disease causing uveitis. In some cases, treatment of these conditions or infections can help prevent it.
There are different treatments depending on the type and location of the uveitis:
Anterior uveitis is treated, in most cases, with anti-inflammatory eye drops.
Non-infectious posterior uveitis is treated with cortisone administered orally or by injections around the eye.
Chronic forms of uveitis may require the use of immunomodulatory drugs.
Surgery is not a common treatment for curing uveitis, but it can be effective in correcting associated complications, such as cataracts or glaucoma (affecting the anterior segment), retinal detachment, vitreous opacity, or macular edema (affecting the fundus).
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