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Photocoagulation, trabeculoplasty, conjuctival laser, and eyelash laser

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The PASCAL (Pattern Scanning Laser) photocoagulator is a fully integrated scanning laser photocoagulation system designed for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy using a single shot or a pattern of up to 25 points. Created to set a new standard for the treatment of retinal diseases, PASCAL has been used to treat thousands of patients worldwide. It features an intuitive touchscreen and an advanced optical slit lamp.

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Photocoagulation is a technique that creates a scar on the retina through therapeutic burning, for which a beam of light (laser) is applied to it. The resulting scar can prevent the development of certain retinal diseases. Photocoagulation stimulates healing and thus increases the adherence of the retina to the ocular wall (for example, in retinal tears and retinal detachment), controls ischemic areas in the retina where there is a lack of oxygen, eliminates exudative areas (with abnormal deposits and fluids), and controls proliferative or tumor-like areas. It is used to treat retinal tears and vascular rhinopathies, reduces eye pressure by facilitating the outflow of aqueous humor in cases of glaucoma, and also treats tumors by helping to stop the growth or shrink retinal tumors.

Trabeculoplasty is a procedure performed with an argon laser. It involves applying the laser directly to the eye's filtration area, the trabeculum, to increase aqueous humor outflow and thus lower intraocular pressure. This technique is indicated when drops (hypotensive eye drops) fail to effectively reduce intraocular pressure and the patient is not a candidate for surgery, either because the glaucoma is not sufficiently advanced or because surgery could pose a significant risk to their health. Its application requires a number of requirements: an open angle and sufficient pigmentation.

The conjunctiva is the outermost layer of the eye, its function is protective, being the first to be affected by external agents such as dust and solar radiation. When these elements combine in a susceptible patient, there is a high probability of developing "carnosities" (pterygium) in the eyes. These are an abnormal growth of the conjunctiva that, although not malignant, can become very bothersome, causing ocular itching, a foreign body sensation, and redness of the eye. Once the pterygium appears, the most common solution is surgery. There are multiple techniques that allow the removal of carnosities with quite acceptable success rates; however, when the lesion is detected early and has certain structural characteristics, pterygium surgery could be replaced by laser treatment. To treat carnosities with laser, they should not be very extensive; ideally, they should be flat and not exceed the sclero-corneal limbus. If all these conditions are met, the patient is a candidate for laser treatment on the ocular surface.

Trichiasis is an eyelid problem that can seriously affect a person's eye health. The problem arises because one or more eyelashes grow inward, causing constant rubbing that is uncomfortable and can cause lesions on the surface of the cornea. Treatment for trichiasis seeks to eliminate the hair follicles from the abnormal eyelashes. Although treatment for trichiasis seems simple, there is no completely effective technique. There are several treatment options depending on the cause, the extent of the trichiasis, and the condition of the eyelids: periodic eyelash waxing, cauterization with an argon laser, cryocoagulation, or surgical treatment. Treatment with argon laser photocoagulation or cryotherapy is only effective when the misaligned eyelashes are few in number.

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