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Ptosis is the drooping or lowering of the upper eyelid, affecting one or both eyes. This makes the eye appear smaller, and the eyelid may even partially or completely cover the pupil. In addition to being an aesthetic problem, it can also be a functional problem, as it can affect the visual field and vision.
There are multiple causes of eyelid ptosis. The most common is senile ptosis, or ptosis associated with aging. Other diseases can also cause it, such as myasthenia gravis or paralysis of certain nerves that control eyelid movement. Chronic contact lens use or chronic eyelid rubbing can also cause it in some cases.
Ptosis can also be congenital, meaning it is present from birth. Children born with eyelid ptosis that covers the pupil may experience a delay in vision development, known as amblyopia or "lazy eye." Therefore, it is important to correct eyelid position early.
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Treatment for eyelid ptosis is surgical in most cases. There are multiple techniques for correcting eyelid ptosis, but the choice of specific technique depends on the cause of the ptosis, the degree of ptosis, the degree of levator muscle function, among many other factors. An ocular plastic surgeon, or oculoplastic surgeon, is the ideal professional to perform this type of surgery, providing better functional and aesthetic results and a lower complication rate.
The objective of the surgery is to elevate the position of the eyelid, clearing the visual axis, improving the visual field, and achieving aesthetic improvement by enhancing eyelid symmetry. It is a short, outpatient procedure performed under local anesthesia or sedation in adults and can be performed simultaneously with other types of eyelid surgery, such as upper blepharoplasty, lower blepharoplasty, or brow lift.
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Most causes of eyelid ptosis can only be identified with a proper clinical examination, which is why it is essential that the evaluation be performed by an eyelid specialist such as an Ocular Plastic Surgeon or Oculoplastic Surgeon, who is an ophthalmologist specialized in eyelids and has in-depth knowledge of the anatomy and function of the eyelids, the mechanism of these alterations and the specific techniques to correct each case.
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