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Refractive errors are those in which the image reaching the retina through the cornea and lens converges to a point outside the retina. In a normal (emmetropic) eye, the images sent to the retina by the cornea and lens are focused directly on it, obtaining perfect vision of the object we are focusing on. When this does not occur and the image converges to a point outside the retina, we have a refractive error, which can be any of the following:

[/vc_column_text][inwave_item_info style=”style1_4″ preview_style4=”” title=”{Miopia}” description=”Anomalía o defecto del ojo que produce una visión borrosa o poco clara de los objetos lejanos.” icon_size=”50″ align=”center” img=”3321″][inwave_item_info style=”style1_4″ preview_style4=”” title=”{Hipermetropía}” description=”Anomalía o defecto del ojo que produce una visión borrosa o poco clara de los objetos cercanos.” icon_size=”50″ align=”center” img=”3322″][inwave_item_info style=”style1_4″ preview_style4=”” title=”{Astigmatismo}” description=”Anomalía o defecto del ojo que consiste en una curvatura irregular de la córnea, lo que provoca que se vean algo deformadas las imágenes y poco claro el contorno de las cosas.” icon_size=”50″ align=”center” img=”3320″][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner gap=”35″][vc_column_inner width=”1/2″][vc_video link=”https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nc2tXZ1O1z8″][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/2″][inwave_heading preview_style_1=”” title=”{MIOPÍA}” sub_title=”La miopía es un defecto de refracción que sucede cuando los rayos de luz convergen en un punto por delante de la retina, es decir, el ojo es más largo de lo normal y la imagen se forma por delante de la retina. Es por tanto un defecto que impide visionar correctamente las cosas situadas a cierta distancia.”][inwave_accordions layout=”accordion2″ preview_style2=”” item_active=”-1″][inwave_accordion_item title=”Síntomas”]

Myopia occurs when the image of the object we are viewing is formed directly in front of the retina, causing poor distance vision and optimal near vision. This is one of the main vision defects we suffer from, but advances in surgical techniques have made it possible to eliminate its effects in patients over 18 years of age with a stable defect.

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To manage this disease, treatment is carried out with drops aimed at stabilizing myopia and preventing its progression by controlling, among other things, atypical ocular growth, using medications that regulate intraocular pressure and control visual effort in order to avoid eye distension, and for this, different kinds of drops are used.

ANTIMUSCARINICS: This is the medication (eye drops) that helps prevent eye distension, generating an effect on the ciliary muscle and a local retinal effect, reducing the progression of myopia.

HYPOTENSIVES and ANTI-ALLERGY: Regulates the patient's eye pressure and reduces the mechanical effect caused by eye rubbing.

These medications are accompanied by the use of specially designed glasses or contact lenses, along with changing and improving lighting conditions, healthy habits, a balanced diet, outdoor activities, controlling exposure to electronic devices, and taking short breaks during long periods of reading.

Another alternative for this defect in patients under 50 years of age is the Excimer laser technique. In patients with a normal corneal thickness, between 520 and 550 microns, two types of techniques can be used: Lasik or PRK. The ideal patients for this type of treatment are those with a maximum of 5-6 diopters; beyond that, this technique is not recommended. This same option is used to treat a type of astigmatism linked to myopia, myopic astigmatism.

In young patients with a corneal thickness of less than 500 microns, laser therapy is ruled out due to its long-term contraindications. In these cases, ICL implantation is recommended.

When it comes to patients over 50, other techniques come into play, as myopia is often also accompanied by presbyopia. In these cases, treatments must address both effects through lens removal and the installation of multifocal intraocular lenses.

[/inwave_accordion_item][/inwave_accordions][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=”yes” gap=”35″][vc_column_inner width=”1/2″][inwave_heading preview_style_1=”” title=”{HIPERMETROPÍA}” sub_title=”La hipermetropía es otro de los defectos de refracción. En este caso, ocurre lo contrario que en la miopía, por lo que los objetos se enfocan por detrás de la retina, ya que los rayos de luz llegan a la misma sin haber convergido porque el globo ocular es más corto de lo normal. El tratamiento puede ser con láser o lentes intraoculares, dependiendo de la refracción y de la edad del paciente.”][inwave_accordions layout=”accordion2″ preview_style2=”” item_active=”-1″][inwave_accordion_item title=”Síntomas”]

The symptoms are, therefore, worse distance and near vision, constant accommodation, and visual fatigue. In short, patients with this problem cannot see well, either far or near, although adaptation in distance vision may be better than in myopic patients.

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Convex lenses are needed to compensate for the defect or refractive surgery.

[/inwave_accordion_item][/inwave_accordions][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/2″][vc_video link=”https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2znCmoRl1I”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=”yes” gap=”35″][vc_column_inner width=”1/2″][vc_video link=”https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2znCmoRl1I”][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/2″][inwave_heading preview_style_1=”” title=”{ASTIGMATISMO}” sub_title=”En una visión normal, la córnea presenta una curvatura similar en toda su superficie, es decir, simétrica. Lo que le diferencia de otros defectos como la hipermetropía es la alteración de la curvatura y por lo tanto, si presenta alguna alteración o desigualdad en su curvatura, estamos ante un defecto astigmático.”][inwave_accordions layout=”accordion2″ preview_style2=”” item_active=”-1″][inwave_accordion_item title=”Síntomas”]

In a cornea with astigmatism, the meridians are different; one is more curved and the other is flatter. Astigmatism can occur alone or be associated with myopia or hyperopia.

Patients experience blurred and distorted vision, both near and far. This can be corrected with toric lenses or laser refractive surgery.

This prescription defect depends primarily on the cornea and affects both distance and near vision. For this reason, it's important to correct it and thus improve visual quality in every sense.

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With new technologies, astigmatism correction during cataract surgery is now possible. This translates into a clear benefit for patients, as in a single surgical procedure we can improve their quality and quantity of vision, as well as reduce or eliminate dependence on glasses.

Astigmatism is determined by the morphology of the cornea, which may be more curved in one meridian than in another. The problem can be corrected through corneal incisions to modify its curvature, or through the use of so-called toric intraocular lenses. Furthermore, digital intraoperative astigmatism assessment systems, recently incorporated into our operating rooms, help us improve our results.

A fundamental role, since in addition to correcting vision loss caused by cataracts, they can also be fitted with the appropriate prescription to correct myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. The lenses are customized to address each patient's individual problem. Toric lenses, which specifically correct astigmatism, eliminate the need for laser treatment of the cornea, thus preserving its integrity.

Under general conditions, it is normal for the entire prescription to be corrected and for the patient to fully recover their vision if there is no other associated eye problem.

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