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It is considered the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. It is estimated that approximately 3.51% of people between the ages of 40 and 80 have glaucoma.

In most cases, glaucoma is associated with higher than normal pressure within the eye, a condition known as intraocular hypertension. However, it can also occur when intraocular pressure (IOP) is at normal levels. If left untreated or uncontrolled, glaucoma initially causes a loss of side (peripheral) vision and can eventually lead to blindness. From the age of 40, it is very important to have an eye exam.

Existen dos tipos muy comunes:[/vc_column_text][inwave_item_info style=”style1_4″ preview_style4=”” title=”{Glaucoma Angulo Abierto}” icon_size=”50″ align=”center” img=”3321″][inwave_item_info style=”style1_4″ preview_style4=”” title=”{Glaucoma Angulo Cerrado}” icon_size=”50″ align=”center” img=”3320″][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/2″][vc_video link=”https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V2q3CjUzRPc”][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/2″][inwave_accordions layout=”accordion2″ preview_style2=”” item_active=”-1″][inwave_accordion_item title=”Tipos de glaucoma”]

The two main categories of glaucoma are open-angle glaucoma and angle-closure glaucoma. The angle in both cases refers to the internal drainage angle of the eye, which controls the outflow of fluid continuously produced within the eye.

If fluid can reach the drainage angle, we have open-angle glaucoma. If the drainage angle is blocked and fluid cannot reach it, we have angle-closure glaucoma.

Open-angle glaucoma is considered the most common form of presentation of this disease.

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Open-angle glaucoma is often called the “silent thief of sight” because, in most cases, there is no pain or other symptoms until significant permanent vision loss occurs, usually several years after the onset of the disease.

Untreated glaucoma then progresses undetectably until damage to the optic nerve is irreversible, causing permanent vision loss to varying degrees.

On the other hand, acute angle-closure glaucoma is often accompanied by sudden symptoms such as blurred vision, halos around lights, severe eye pain, nausea, and vomiting. If you experience these symptoms, be sure to see a healthcare professional or go to the emergency room immediately so that appropriate measures can be taken promptly and prevent permanent vision loss, which can occur within hours.

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During routine eye exams, a tonometer is used to measure intraocular pressure, or IOP. An abnormally high IOP indicates a problem with the amount of fluid (aqueous humor) inside the eye. The cause of the elevated pressure is ineffective drainage of the internal fluid (aqueous humor).

Other forms of glaucoma monitoring include the use of sophisticated imaging technologies—such as optical coherence tomography (OCT)—that create baseline images and measurements of the eye's optic nerve and other internal structures. Then, at specific time periods, new images and measurements are taken to ensure that no changes have occurred over time that would indicate the progression of damage from possible glaucoma.

Another important diagnostic tool for detecting and monitoring glaucoma is the computerized visual field test. This test is usually repeated periodically to ensure the patient does not develop blind spots that indicate optic nerve damage or to determine the progression and extent of vision loss due to glaucoma.

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Treatment may include medication, laser procedures, or surgery, depending on the severity of the glaucoma. Initial glaucoma control typically involves eye drops to achieve IOP reduction. These medications generally require permanent, lifelong use. Patients should attend regular follow-up visits (every 3 to 6 months).

Because chronic glaucoma is a painless condition, it can often lead to a lack of adherence to eye drop instructions, which help control intraocular pressure and prevent permanent damage. In fact, the main cause of blindness from glaucoma is lack of adherence to medication treatment.

If you experience discomfort or discomfort when using glaucoma drops, never stop using them without first consulting your eye care professional about an alternative therapy.

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